有关新型冠状病毒，你应该知道的四件事
What We Know About the Wuhan Coronavirus
有关新型冠状病毒，你应该知道的四件事
An outbreak of a new coronavirus in China has killed six people and sickened more than 300, and has spread to at least five other countries. The first case outside of Asia was announced on Tuesday, as federal health officials confirmed that a Washington State man who had recently traveled to China had been hospitalized.
在中国爆发的一种新型冠状病毒已导致六人死亡，300多人患病，并已扩散到至少五个其他国家。（编注：本文中文版发布时，中国官方电视台最新消息显示，截至1月22日上午10时，中国累计确诊440宗感染病例，死亡九例）。周二，出现了亚洲以外的首例病例，联邦卫生官员证实，一名近期曾去过中国的华盛顿州男子已经住院。
coronavirus
coronavirus 冠状病毒，由corona + virus构成；corona /kəˈrəʊnə/表示“电晕；日冕；冠状物”。
corona 日冕：a circle of light that can sometimes be seen around the moon at night, or around the sun during an eclipse (= a time when the moon is positioned exactly between the sun and the earth)
hospitalize
表示“送…住院治疗”，英文解释为“If someone is hospitalized, they are sent or admitted to a hospital.”举个🌰：
Most people do not have to be hospitalized for asthma or pneumonia.
多数人不必因哮喘或肺炎住院。
注意区分对比：
· hospitality（名词）表示“热情好客，殷勤，友好”，英文解释为“the act of being friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors”，举个🌰：
The local people showed me great hospitality. 当地人对我非常地热情友好。
Here’s a quick rundown of what we know so far.
以下是我们到目前为止所了解的情况摘要。
What is a coronavirus?
什么是冠状病毒？
Coronaviruses are named for the spikes that protrude from their membranes, which resemble the sun’s corona. They can infect both animals and people, and cause illnesses of the respiratory tract, ranging from the common cold to severe conditions like SARS, which sickened thousands of people around the world — and killed nearly 800 — during a 2003 outbreak.
冠状病毒的名称是从其膜上的刺突而来，看上去像太阳的日冕。它们可以感染动物和人类，并引起呼吸道疾病，从普通感冒到“非典”等严重疾病，在2003年的一次爆发中，非典使全世界成千上万的人患病，并导致近800人死亡。
protrude
表示“突出；伸出；鼓出”，英文解释为“to stick out from a place or a surface”，如：protruding teeth 龅牙。
resemble
表示“像；与…类似，与…相似”，英文解释为“to look like or be similar to someone or something”举个🌰：
It’s amazing how closely Tom and Sam resemble each other.
汤姆和山姆真是惊人地相像。
the respiratory tract
表示“呼吸道”，英文解释为“the parts of the body that air passes through during the act of breathing, consisting of the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs”。
How do I know if I’m infected with the new coronavirus?
我怎么知道自己是否感染了新的冠状病毒？
Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.
感染症状包括高烧、呼吸困难和肺部病变。较轻的病例可能类似于流感或重感冒，使检测非常困难。潜伏期——从接触病毒到症状发作的时间——大约为两周。
bad cold
bad cold 重感冒，重伤风，bad此处有“令人痛苦的；疼痛的”的含义，英文解释为“causing or experiencing pain”，如：a bad cough 咳得厉害。
the incubation period
incubation本身可以表示“（传染病的）潜伏期”，英文解释为“the time between sb being infected with a disease and the appearance of the first symptoms (= signs)”。
Little is known about who is most at risk. Most of the half-dozen patients who have died also suffered other illnesses.
尚不清楚什么样的人面临最大风险。死亡的六个病人还患有其他疾病。
How was this virus identified?
如何识别这种病毒？
On Jan. 8, The New York Times reported that Chinese researchers had identified a new coronavirus as the pathogen behind a mysterious illness that had sickened 59 people in Wuhan, a city of 11 million in central China.
1月8日，《纽约时报》报道，中国的研究人员已经确定了一种不明疾病背后的病原体为一种新型冠状病毒，这种病毒已导致武汉59人发病，该市位于中国中部，拥有1100万人口。
pathogen
pathogen /ˈpæθəˌdʒɛn/ 表示“病原体”，英文解释为“a thing that causes disease”。
The cases were linked to workers at a market that sold live fish, animals and birds. The market was later shut down and disinfected.
这些病例与在市场上出售活鱼、动物和鸟类的人有关。该市场后来关闭消毒。
disinfect
表示“给…杀菌，为…除菌，替…消毒”，英文解释为“to clean something using chemicals that kill bacteria and other very small living things that cause disease”，如：disinfect the toilets/a wound 给厕所/伤口消毒。
On Tuesday, health officials announced the first case outside of Asia. They said the infected man, a resident of Snohomish County, Wash., had recently traveled in the Wuhan region.
周二，卫生官员宣布了亚洲以外的首例病例。他们说，这名感染者是华盛顿州斯诺霍米什县的居民，最近去过武汉地区。
A day earlier, a top Chinese scientist said that the coronavirus was capable of spreading from person to person. The Chinese government warned that anyone who hides infections will be “forever nailed to history’s pillar of shame.”
一天前，一位中国顶尖科学家表示，冠状病毒能够在人与人之间传播。中国政府警告，任何瞒报感染的人将“永远被钉在历史的耻辱柱上”。
Airports around the world, including some in the United States and Australia, are screening passengers from Wuhan. On Tuesday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced expanded screening measures in the United States.
世界各地的机场，包括美国和澳大利亚的一些机场，都在对来自武汉的旅客进行筛查。周二，疾病控制与预防中心宣布在美国扩大筛查措施。
screen
表示“测试；检查”，英文解释为“to test or examine someone or something to discover if there is anything wrong with him, her, or it”举个🌰：
Women over 50 should be screened for breast cancer.
所有50岁以上的妇女都要作乳腺癌筛查。
The World Health Organization has called a meeting on Wednesday to decide whether to declare the coronavirus outbreak an international health emergency.
世界卫生组织周三召会开议，决定是否宣布冠状病毒爆发为国际公共卫生紧急状况。
What is the source of the outbreak?
爆发的根源是什么？
Animals are the most likely primary source of the outbreak — but it is not clear which animals. Past outbreaks of similar illnesses, including SARS, were also believed to have emerged from live animal markets. Another coronavirus, MERS, is transmitted to humans by camels.
动物最有可能是此次疫情的主要来源——但尚不清楚是哪些动物。据信，过去的类似疾病（包括非典）的爆发也来自活体动物市场。另一种冠状病毒MERS是通过骆驼传播给人类的。
What can people do to protect themselves?
人们可以做些什么来保护自己？
Dr. William Schaffner, professor of preventive medicine and infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, said that travelers to China should “absolutely” avoid live animal markets, and keep their distance from any animals in rural areas. He reiterated that travelers should practice “good hand hygiene,” and try to avoid anyone coughing and sneezing.
范德比大学医学中心(Vanderbilt University Medical Center)预防医学和传染病学教授威廉·沙夫纳(William Schaffner)博士说，来华旅行者应“绝对”避开活体动物市场，并与农村地区的动物保持距离。他重申，旅客应保持“良好的手部卫生习惯”，并尽量远离咳嗽和打喷嚏的人。
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